In the Public Interest by Child Abuse Survivors and their Advocates in their Pursuit of Justice, Recognition, Recovery and Redress.
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Article Category: 2006 October
Description:
Article originally prepared on : 29 October 2006
30 August 2004
© Commonwealth of Australia 2004
ISBN 0 642 71239 5
View the report as a single document - (PDF format - 1866 Kb)
View the report as separate downloadable parts:
| Membership of committee | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Executive summary | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Recommendations | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Chapter 1 - Introduction | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
Terms of reference | ||
| Chapter 2 - Institutional care in Australia | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Institutions Framework of children's institutional care - Australia Introduction Overview Policies of governments placing children in care The role of governments, churches and other groups Developments - institutions versus boarding-out (foster care) Moves from institutions to other forms of care Trends in types of care, including move towards foster care Government responsibility and initiatives for children in institutions Attitudes of government officials who placed children in care Government financial contributions to non-government children's homes Government financial assistance to parents Number of children in institutional care Conclusion Legislative framework, including Commonwealth's role Background of child welfare laws An overview - provisions of the child protection laws Laws to protect children and young people - inadequaciesand contraventions Conclusion Major organisations and their institutions for children Early-days developments Orphanages Industrial Schools Juvenile Justice Detention Centres Conclusion More contemporary times for children's institutions Catholic institutions Anglican (Church of England) Salvation Army Uniting Church Wesley - Dalmar Burnside - Presbyterian Uniting Protestant Association Homes Plymouth Brethren (ie, Silky Oaks) Hopewood Barnardos Australia Government organisations New South Wales Victoria Queensland Western Australia Experiences of various homes and orphanages Comparisons of homes with jails Experiences of other homes Conclusion | ||
| Chapter 3 - Why children were in homes | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| State wards Legislative provisions of wardship New South Wales Victoria Care leavers' experiences of wardship processes Other children in care Reasons for children being place in homes Single parents (usually mother) Death of a parent or parents Parents' divorce or separation Parent(s) unable to care for children Economic stress and social disadvantage Children abandoned Sexual abuse by a parent Children escaping domestic violence and parental alcoholism Repatriation children Conclusion | ||
| Chapter 4 - Treatment and care of children in institutions | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Receiving children into care Arrival Health checks, delousing and body searches Removal of belongings and clothes Physical environment and living conditions Buildings and accommodation Food Clothing Personal hygiene Depersonalisation and other forms of psychological abuse Lack of love and affection Suppression of identity and individuality Lack of privacy Visits by family members Forms of Punishment Bedwetting Isolation, including locking in cupboards and cells Standing on spot for hours Secondary abuse Discipline and physical assault Absconding Sexual assault Separation of families Separation of siblings Forced adoption of babies Lack of education Unmet health needs Work and exploitation of children in care Types of work performed Exploitation of children Non payment of wages Use of experimental medications and drugs Children placed in mental homes and other inappropriate accommodation Fostering arrangements, including holiday placements Deaths in institutions Transition from in care to independence Good memories Conclusion | ||
| Chapter 5 - Why abuse occurred and was able to continue | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Stories only recently coming to light Culture of the institutions, organisations, churches Bullying Isolation Institutional staff and other carers Lack of staff education and training Suitability of staff Deception of parents and children Reaction to disclosures about institutions Children were better off in care Standards were different then They should get on with their life | ||
| Chapter 6 - Life long impact of out of home care | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Quality of life Relationship problems Parenting skills Perspective from wives and partners Perspective from children Generational issues On-going health issues Post traumatic stress disorder and depression Suicide Substance abuse - drug and alcohol addictions Compulsive and other behavioural issues Ongoing problems with anger, grief, identity and self-esteem Employment Homelessness and other housing problems Educational attainment Adult anti-social or criminal activity Prostitution Cost to individuals, families and society Quantifying costs Benefits of providing services | ||
| Chapter 7 - Responsibility, acknowledgement and apology | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Role and responsibility of governments and non-government bodies Duty of care Inspections Internal processes Conclusion Acceptance and denial of responsibility Conclusion Acknowledgment and apology Apologies to ex-residents Views on the need for an apology Views on an acknowledgment Conclusion | ||
| Chapter 8 - Reparation and redress schemes | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Measures of reparation Civil litigation Limitation periods Liability Proving injury Vicarious liability The adversarial system Cost of litigation Whistleblowing Conclusion Reparations - theory and overseas developments International law and reparations Redress/reparations schemes in overseas countries Redress packages in Canada Ireland Redress packages in Australia Tasmania Queensland The Churches/agencies Other packages Monetary compensation - the Australian context Conclusion Internal Church redress processes The Catholic Church Other Churches/agencies Salvation Army Barnardos Uniting Church Anglican Church Conclusion Victims compensation tribunals Conclusion The need for a Royal Commission The nature and role of Royal Commissions A Royal Commission into institutional abuse Conclusion | ||
| Chapter 9 - Identity and records | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Identity Searching for records Accessing records State ward and non-ward records Locating records Destruction of records Quality of record keeping Information and comments contained in records Support for those viewing records Issues with access Government records Freedom of Information Assistance with records searches Non-government records Family information Delays and cost of accessing records Overcoming problems of access Conclusion | ||
| Chapter 10 - Provision of services | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Services currently provided State Governments Non-government agencies Support groups Support and advocacy services Care Leavers of Australia Network (CLAN) Funding Other support groups Conclusion Inadequate level of services Conclusion Counselling Specialist counselling services Accessibility of counselling services Peer support groups Conclusion Health and aged care Mental health Aged care Conclusion Housing and homelessness Adult literacy and numeracy and other education services Conclusion Data collection Conclusion - improving service provision | ||
| Chapter 11 - Recognition of care leavers | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Memorials Reunions Other forms of recognition Oral histories Research into institutional care and its consequences Conclusion | ||
| Additional remarks by Senator Steve Hutchins | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Appendix 1 | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| List of public submissions, tabled documents and other additional information authorised for publication by the committee | ||
| Appendix 2 | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Witnesses who appeared before the committee at public hearings | ||
| Appendix 3 | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Bibliography | ||
| Appendix 4 | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Legislative provisions governing children in institutions | ||
| Appendix 5 | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Statistics on children in institutional care | ||
| Appendix 6 | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| List of homes and other institutions referred to by care leavers in submissions | ||
| Appendix 7 | (PDF format) | (HTML format) |
| Date in care and forms of abuse described by care leavers in submissions | ||
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